Uko wahitamo porogaramu y'ivuriro rito cyangwa y'ivuriro ry'amenyo: ibibazo 12 byo kubaza mbere yo kwishyura

Buri porogaramu y'ivuriro ifite urutonde rurerure rw'ibyiza, kandi nyinshi zisa ku mpapuro. Ikizitandukanya ni uko zimera saa 8:30 ku wa mbere mu gitondo, aho abakira abarwayi bafite abantu batatu ku meza, telefone irimo kuvuga kandi umurwayi wa mbere yamaze kwicara ku ntebe.

Rero mbere yo kureba porogaramu iyo ari yo yose, andika umunsi wawe. Bifata iminota makumyabiri kandi bizakurinda guhitamo nabi:

• Ni nde ukora iki? Abakira abarwayi, abaganga, abaforomo cyangwa ababafasha, ukira amafaranga, na nyir'ivuriro.
• Abarwayi bakugeraho bate? Kuri telefone, bisanzurira, mu butumwa, cyangwa kuri interineti.
• Wishyurwa ute? Amafaranga ku meza, ikarita, kohereza kuri banki, mu byiciro, cyangwa nyuma yo kurangiza kuvura.
• Uha umukozi w'ibaruramari ibiki mu mpera z'ukwezi, kandi mu buhe buryo?
• Ni iki kigenda nabi uyu munsi? Gahunda zabuze, ibirarane, inyandiko ntawe ushobora gusoma, agasanduku k'amafaranga katajyana.

Porogaramu ikwiye ikuraho ibigenda nabi mu ivuriro ryawe uyu munsi. Ikintu utazigera ukoresha si impamvu yo guhitamo ikindi kintu cyose.

Baza buri porogaramu utekereza ibi bibazo. Bikora ku ivuriro rusange, ivuriro ry'inzobere, ivuriro ry'amenyo cyangwa ishami rito ry'ibitaro. Umucuruzi mwiza abisubiza neza, mu nyandiko, atavuze ngo “biterwa”.

1. Abaganga bazabika inyandiko muri yo koko?

Porogaramu y'ivuriro ibaho cyangwa igapfa ku nyandiko y'umurwayi. Abaganga nibasanga itinda, basubira ku mpapuro, raporo zose wari witeze zikaba ubusa. Saba dosiye imwe kuri buri murwayi irimo buri ruzinduko, inyandiko na buri bwishyu; umuburo mbere y'uko umuntu umwe yandikwa kabiri; gushakisha vuba ukoresheje izina, kode cyangwa telefone; n'inyandiko zikwiranye na buri shami, nk'ishusho y'amenyo mu buvuzi bw'amenyo, bitabaye ngombwa ko bose banyura mu mirima itabagirira akamaro.

2. Kalendari ihuye n'uko ushyiraho gahunda, kandi ibutsa abarwayi?

Reba imbonerahamwe y'umunsi, icyumweru n'ukwezi kuri buri muganga, amasaha y'akazi kalendari yubahiriza, uburyo bwihuse bwo kwakira abaje bisanzuye, na gahunda ku rubuga rwawe niba uyishaka. Hanyuma ubaze uko abarwayi bibutswa: kuri imeri, SMS cyangwa WhatsApp, babyemeye gusa, kandi ku giciro kingana iki kuri buri butumwa. Gahunda zabuze ni amafaranga yatakaye; kwibutsa ni bumwe mu buryo buhendutse bwo kuyagaruza.

3. Fagitire zikwiranye n'amategeko yawe?

Fagitire ni inyandiko ya gihamya mu mategeko, si icapiro. Igomba kuba ifite izina ry'ubucuruzi bwawe, aderesi na nomero y'ubucuruzi (nomero y'umusoro cyangwa y'iyandikisha ry'ikigo ikoreshwa mu gihugu cyawe), ikabarwa mu murongo udacika, kandi ntishobore gusibwa nyuma yo gutangwa, ahubwo guhagarikwa gusa. Baza niba ushobora gukora fagitire y'agateganyo cyangwa igereranyo mbere yo kuvura, gushyiraho ibipimo byawe bya TVA (cyangwa nta byo, aho serivisi zawe zidasoreshwa), no kohereza fagitire nka PDF kuri imeri.

4. Uzamenya aho amafaranga ari mu mpera z'umunsi?

Amavuriro mato ntakunze gutakaza amafaranga kubera uburiganya; ayatakaza kubera ibirarane ntawe ukurikirana. Saba agasanduku k'amafaranga ka buri munsi ufungura ufite amafaranga atangira ukagafunga n'amafaranga wabaze, hamwe na raporo z'impera z'umunsi umukozi wawe w'ibaruramari amenya, n'urutonde rw'ibirarane, ibya kera biri imbere, umuntu ashobora gukurikirana buri wa gatanu. Ubwishyu bw'ikarita no kohereza bugomba kwandikwa hamwe n'uburyo bwakozwemo, kandi gusubiza amafaranga bigomba gushoboka nta gusiba ikintu.

5. Buri muntu ashobora kubona gusa ibyo akazi ke gakeneye?

Abakira abarwayi bakeneye kalendari n'amafaranga, si inyandiko z'ubuvuzi. Abashinzwe imari bakeneye fagitire, si ibyo bapimye. Saba inshingano wamenya (umuyobozi, muganga, umuforomo cyangwa umufasha, abakira abarwayi, imari) ushobora guhindura, na konti bwite kuri buri wese. Kwinjirira ku konti isangiwe bituma bidashoboka kumenya uwahinduye iki, kandi ni kimwe mu bintu bikunze kuba intege nke mu ivuriro rito.

6. Irinda ite amakuru y'umurwayi, kandi uwo muyigurisha ashobora kubigaragaza?

Amakuru y'ubuzima ni amakuru yihariye mu mategeko arengera amakuru mu bihugu byinshi, nka General Data Protection Regulation y'Umuryango w'Uburayi (umurongo wo hanze). Nk'ivuriro, ni wowe uyashinzwe, nubwo porogaramu ari yo iyabitse. Bityo baza:

• Hari amasezerano yo gutunganya amakuru, yatangajwe cyangwa yashyizweho umukono, avuga aho amakuru abitse n'abatanga serivisi bayatunganya?
• Inyandiko za buri vuriro zibitse zitandukanye n'iz'andi mavuriro yose?
• Amagambobanga abikwa nka hash gusa, kandi buri sano rikoresha HTTPS?
• Buri muntu ashobora gufungura kugenzura mu ntambwe ebyiri, kandi ecran ishobora gukingirwa iyo umuntu avuye hafi yayo?
• Hari amateka y'ibikorwa ntawe ushobora guhindura?
• Amakuru abikwa kenshi gute, kandi kopi zibikwa igihe kingana iki?

7. Iri mu rurimi itsinda ryawe rivuga?

Porogaramu abakozi bawe bumva igice itanga inyandiko zuzuye igice. Baza niba imbere yose, si ibikubiyemo gusa, iri mu rurimi rwawe, niba inyandiko z'abarwayi na fagitire zicapwa muri rwo, kandi niba itsinda ririmo indimi zitandukanye rishobora gukora mu ndimi zitandukanye, urundi rurimi ku bakira abarwayi n'icyongereza ku nzobere yasuye, urugero, cyangwa bose mu rurimi rumwe iyo ubyihitiyemo.

8. Ikora ku bikoresho usanzwe ufite?

Porogaramu ikorera muri mushakisha ikora kuri mudasobwa, tablet na telefone usanzwe ufite, ikivugurura ubwayo, kandi ntikeneye seriveri mu kabati. Baza niba hari ikintu kigomba kwinjizwa, niba ikoreshwa kuri telefone, n'ibigenda iyo interineti ivuyeho; hotspot ya telefone ni gahunda B ihendutse kandi ikwiye ku ivuriro iryo ari ryo ryose.

9. Ushobora kugenda ufite amakuru yawe?

Igihe cyiza cyo kubaza uko ugenda ni mbere y'uko ugera. Baza uko winjiza abarwayi usanzwe ufite (urugero imbonerahamwe), ibyo ushobora kohereza ubwawe igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, ibyo uwo muyigurisha agukorera abisabwe, n'ibigenda ku makuru yawe iyo ufunze konti. Ibisubizo bigomba kuba biri mu masezerano, si mu masezerano y'umucuruzi.

10. Ushobora guhanura igiciro?

Porogaramu z'amavuriro zihabwa igiciro kuri buri mukoresha, buri murwayi, buri gice cya porogaramu cyangwa buri hantu, kandi itandukaniro riraterana. Baza icyo kibarwa neza, niba abarwayi, amashami n'ahantu bitwara andi mafaranga, ubutumwa bwo kwibutsa bugura angahe, niba hari igabanyirizwa ry'umwaka, n'uko igiciro gihinduka iyo wongeyeho undi mukozi umwe. Bara igiciro cyawe cy'uyu munsi n'icy'imyaka ibiri iri imbere.

11. Ni nde usubiza iyo hari ikibazo?

Baza uko ugera ku bufasha (imeri, telefone, WhatsApp, urupapuro), mu rurimi rwuhe, kandi vuba gute. Hanyuma ubugerageze mu gihe cy'igeragezwa ubaza ikibazo nyacyo. Ubuyobozi bwo kwifashisha buri muri porogaramu, bwanditswe ku bakozi b'ivuriro aho kwandikirwa abanditsi ba porogaramu, busubiza ibibazo byinshi bya buri munsi mbere y'uko umuntu ahamagara.

12. Igeragezwa ryemerera kubigaragaza?

Iyerekana rigaragaza umunsi mwiza w'uwo muyigurisha. Igeragezwa rigaragaza uwawe. Saba igeragezwa ry'ubuntu nta karita, rifite buri kintu wakwishyurira, rimara igihe gihagije cyo gukora ibyumweru bibiri nyabyo, n'igisubizo gisobanutse ku bizaba rirangiye.

• Ntushobora kumenya igiciro udahamagaye umucuruzi. Niba igiciro giterwa n'ubaza, kizahinduka igihe wongeye.
• Iyerekana rikoresha amakuru y'urugero atunganye, kandi ntiwemerewe kugerageza ukoresheje ayawe.
• Gukuramo amakuru yawe bishyurwa, cyangwa nta wemera kwandika uko bikora.
• Basaba gukoresha konti isangiwe kugira ngo bigabanye uruhushya.
• Nta wushobora kuvuga aho amakuru yawe abitswe cyangwa ni ibihe bigo bayatunganya.
• Buri kibazo ku fagitire cyangwa ku mategeko gisubizwa ngo “abakiriya bacu bose barayikoresha”.

Ibigeragezwa byinshi binanirwa kuko ntawe ubitegura: konti irafungurwa, umuntu akanda hirya no hino igicamunsi, hanyuma nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri icyemezo gifatwa ku marangamutima. Koresha iri genamigambi:

1. 1

   Umunsi wa 1: shyiraho ibya ngombwa

   Injiza amakuru y'ubucuruzi bwawe, amasaha yo gukora, serivisi n'ibiciro. Tumira abakozi babiri cyangwa batatu bafite inshingano zabo nyazo.

2. 2

   Umunsi wa 2: injiza abarwayi nyabo

   Injiza imbonerahamwe y'abarwayi, cyangwa wongereho abarwayi b'iki cyumweru ukoresheje intoki.

3. 3

   Iminsi 3 kugeza 7: kora icyumweru nyacyo

   Shyiraho buri gahunda muri sisitemu nshya iruhande rw'iyo usanzwe ukoresha. Andika uruzinduko, wakire ubwishyu, ufungure kandi ufunge agasanduku k'amafaranga buri munsi.

4. 4

   Umunsi wa 8: kora fagitire kandi ugereranye

   Kora fagitire z'icyumweru ugereranye ibiteranyo n'ibyo uzi ko wakiriye. Bigomba guhura kugeza ku giceri cya nyuma.

5. 5

   Iminsi 9 na 10: baza ibibazo bikomeye

   Injira nk'abakira abarwayi: ushobora kubona inyandiko z'ubuvuzi utagomba kubona? Ohereza abarwayi bawe mu mbonerahamwe. Ohereza ubufasha ikibazo nyacyo ukurikirane igihe busubirizwa.

6. 6

   Iminsi 11 na 12: yereka umukozi w'ibaruramari

   Capa raporo na fagitire, ubaze niba bifite ibyo umukozi w'ibaruramari akeneye.

7. 7

   Iminsi 13 na 14: mufate icyemezo hamwe

   Tanga amanota ya porogaramu ukoresheje urupapuro ruri hasi, ubaze n'abayikoresheje buri munsi. Igisubizo cyabo kiruta icyawe.

Tanga buri gice 0, 1 cyangwa 2, kandi uhe uburemere ibice by'ingenzi cyane ku ivuriro ryawe. Porogaramu ibonye 0 ku fagitire, inshingano cyangwa kurengera amakuru ntigomba gutsinda mu kindi kintu cyose.

Ni twe dukora OPALEVI, bityo dore ibisubizo byacu bwite, harimo n'ibivuga ngo “oya”. Ubisuzume ukoresheje urupapuro ukoresha ku bandi bose.

Ukora laboratwari y'amenyo aho kuba ivuriro? Soma porogaramu ya laboratwari y'amenyo: buri kazi kuva ku itegeko kugeza kuri fagitire yishyuwe, cyangwa urebe OPALEVI ya amavuriro y'amenyo, amavuriro yigenga na amavuriro.