Simbuka ujye ku birimo

Porogaramu ya laboratwari y'amenyo: buri kazi kuva ku itegeko rya muganga kugeza kuri fagitire yishyuwe

Laboratwari y'amenyo ikora ku masezerano: iyi nsimburangingo bitarenze ku wa kane, iriya menyo y'agateganyo nyuma yo kuyigerageza, ikiraro mbere y'uko umurwayi ajya mu rugendo. Ubu buyobozi bugaragaza ibigomba kuba biri mu nyandiko y'akazi, uko itegeko rimwe rikurikiranwa kuva ku guhamagara kwa muganga kugeza kuri fagitire yishyuwe, n'icyo wabaza mbere yo guhitamo porogaramu ya laboratwari yawe.

Byanditswe n'itsinda rya OPALEVIByatangajwe ku wa Iminota 11 yo gusoma
Urutonde rw'amabwiriza ya laboratwari y'amenyo muri OPALEVI: buri tegeko ririho ivuriro ryarishyize, umurwayi, ubwoko bw'akazi, uko rihagaze, itariki ryakiriweho n'amafaranga, iruhande rw'umubare w'amabwiriza ategereje, arimo gukorwa, arangiye n'ayoherejwe.

Ingingo z'ingenzi

  • Akazi gacunzwe neza ari uko inyandiko imwe ibitse ivuriro, umurwayi, akazi, itariki ntarengwa n'icyiciro kagezeho.
  • Amatariki ntarengwa agomba kugaragara nta wubajije: ku rutonde, muri kalendari y'ikohereza no ku rutonde rwa buri muhanga rw'uyu munsi.
  • Kora fagitire ukuye ku itegeko ubwaryo. Bityo akazi karangiye ntikaburira fagitire, kandi ibirarane bya buri vuriro biba bigezweho igihe cyose urebye.
  • Suzuma porogaramu iyo ari yo yose ukurikije icyumweru cyawe nyacyo: injiza amabwiriza atanu nyayo mu gihe cy'igeragezwa, aho kwishingikiriza ku iyerekana ry'umucuruzi.

Impamvu telefone, impapuro n'imbonerahamwe bihagarika gukora

Laboratwari nyinshi zitangira zimwe: muganga arahamagara cyangwa yohereza ubutumwa, umuntu yandika akazi ku gapapuro cyangwa mu gatabo, icapiro ry'amenyo rigashyirwa ku gikoresho, naho nyiri laboratwari agafata ibisigaye mu mutwe. Ku bahanga babiri n'amavuriro make, ibyo biragenda. Ariko bihagarara bucece, hanyuma bigahagarara icyarimwe.

Ibimenyetso birazwi:

  • Itariki ntarengwa itabonywe n'ubonetse wese. Itegeko ryaje kuri telefone ku wa mbere, agapapuro gasigara munsi y'ikindi gikoresho, ku wa kane ivuriro rirahamagara ribaza aho insimburangingo iri.
  • Akazi karangiye ariko katarashyirwa kuri fagitire. Gusubiramo akazi, igice cyongeyeho, gusana wakoze ku bw'ubugwaneza: iyo fagitire zandikwa nyuma zivuye mu mutwe, zimwe ntizandikwa na rimwe.
  • Ibirarane ntawe ushobora kuvuga. “Iri vuriro rimaze kudufitiye amafaranga angahe?” bisaba nimugoroba wose ureba raporo za banki n'imbonerahamwe, kandi igisubizo kikaba igereranya gusa.
  • Ibibazo umuntu umwe gusa ashobora gusubiza. Ikiraro kigeze ku wuhe mutambagiro? Ni nde ukora porselene? Nyiri laboratwari iyo adahari, laboratwari irahoma.

Nta na kimwe muri ibi giterwa n'abantu. Ni ikibazo cy'amakuru: ibyerekeye buri kazi biri hirya no hino kuri telefone, ku gapapuro, ku gikoresho no mu mbonerahamwe, kandi nta kibihuza. Porogaramu ya laboratwari y'amenyo ibaho kugira ngo ishyire ayo makuru mu nyandiko imwe kandi iyabike, kuva itegeko ryinjiye kugeza amafaranga yishyuwe.

Porogaramu ntituma laboratwari yihuta yonyine. Itume buri kazi kagaragara, kandi akazi kagaragara ni ko karangira ku gihe kakanishyurwa.

Ibigomba kuba biri muri buri nyandiko y'akazi

Mbere yo kugereranya porogaramu, mwemeranye ku bigomba kuba biri mu nyandiko imwe y'akazi. Icyo mukoresha cyose, n'impapuro zirimo, buri tegeko rigomba gusubiza ibi bibazo nta guhamagara telefone:

Ibyo nibura inyandiko y'akazi ka laboratwari y'amenyo igomba kubamo
UmwanyaImpamvu ari ngombwa
Ivuriro ritumiza na mugangaUwatumije akazi, uwo guhamagara mu gihe cy'ikibazo n'uwo gukorera fagitire.
Indango y'umurwayiIzina cyangwa indango muganga akoresha, kugira ngo akazi karangiye kagere ku murwayi nyawe.
Akazi, n'ingano n'ibiciroInsimburangingo, ikiraro, amenyo y'agateganyo, akazi ka implant cyangwa gusana: buri murongo ufite igiciro, bityo fagitire yiyandika.
Amenyo, ibara n'ibikoreshoIbisobanuro umuhanga akenera aho akorera, byanditse ahantu azabisoma.
Itariki yakiriweho n'itariki ntarengwaAmasezerano mwatanze. Ibindi byose bitegurwa bisubira inyuma bivuye kuri yo.
Ibice by'akazi n'ababikoraIcyitegererezo, ishyiga, porselene, kurimbisha: aho akazi kageze n'uwo kari ku meza ye.
Uko bihagazeGutegereza, gukorwa, kurangira, koherezwa cyangwa guhagarikwa, bisomeka ukireba.
Fagitire no kwishyuraNiba akazi karangiye karakorewe fagitire, kandi niba ivuriro ryarishyuye.

Hari n'impamvu zo mu mategeko zo kubika iyi nyandiko. Mu Muryango w'Uburayi, insimburangingo cyangwa amenyo y'agateganyo bikozwe hakurikijwe ibyo muganga yanditse ni igikoresho cy'ubuvuzi cyakozwe ku bw'umuntu runaka hakurikijwe Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on medical devices (umurongo wo hanze). Umugereka wa XIII wayo usaba uwakoze igikoresho kubika inyandiko ya buri gikoresho nibura imyaka icumi nyuma y'uko gishyizwe ku isoko, n'imyaka cumi n'itanu ku bikoresho bishyirwa mu mubiri. Hanze y'Umuryango w'Uburayi, amategeko y'igihugu ku bikoresho by'ubuvuzi arakurikizwa, kandi inshingano zawe zishingiye aho woherereza. Uyu muco ni mwiza hose: kuri buri kazi ugomba kuvuga uwagatumije, umurwayi wako, igihe kinjiriye, abagakozeho n'igihe kavuye.

Inyandiko, si igikoresho cyo kubahiriza amategeko

Porogaramu ya laboratwari ibika itegeko, amatariki, ibice by'akazi n'ababihawe. Ntiyandika inyandiko zisabwa n'urwego rubigenzura. Bika izo nyandiko uko amategeko abisaba, kandi ukoreshe porogaramu kugira ngo ibiziriho biboneke vuba.

Akazi kamwe, intambwe ku yindi, muri OPALEVI

Dore inzira y'itegeko rimwe muri OPALEVI ya laboratwari z'amenyo, kuva ku guhamagara kwa muganga kugeza kuri fagitire yishyuwe. Amagambo yanditse mu butinde ni amazina ubona kuri ecran.

  1. Ivuriro rihinduka umukiriya

    Buri muganga cyangwa ivuriro rikohereza akazi ni umukiriya ufite dosiye ye: umuntu wo kuvugana na we, aderesi, telefone, nomero y'ubucuruzi na imeri. Nomero y'ubucuruzi isohoka kuri buri fagitire wandikira iryo vuriro, kandi dosiye ihuriza hamwe amabwiriza yaryo, ibyakorewe fagitire, ibyishyuwe n'ibigisigaye.

  2. Akira itegeko

    Hitamo Ibwiriza rishya, uhitemo umukiriya, wandike umurwayi, itariki yakiriweho n'itariki ntarengwa. Itegeko ribona kode yaryo (P-00001, P-00002 n'ibindi). Ongeramo akazi gakuye ku rutonde rw'ibiciro ukoresheje Hitamo akazi k'igiciro…, cyangwa wandike umurongo nka “Insimburangingo ya zirconia 21” ufite ingano n'igiciro.

  3. Tegura ibice by'akazi

    Muri Ibice by'akazi, hitamo sitasiyo akazi kanyuramo, ukurikije uko kazinyuramo: urugero CAD/CAM, hanyuma akazi ka porselene. Laboratwari nshya itangirana na sitasiyo esheshatu (insimburangingo n'ibiraro, implant z'amenyo, amenyo y'agateganyo, CAD/CAM, akazi ka porselene no kwakira), kandi ushobora kuzihindurira amazina, kongeramo izindi cyangwa kuzibika muri Igenamiterere → Ibyiciro by'akazi.

  4. Kora akazi

    Abahanga bakanda Tangira na Rangiza ku bice byabo, ku itegeko ubwaryo cyangwa ku rutonde rwa Inzira y'akazi ya laboratwari. Uko itegeko rihagaze rihinduka ubwaryo: gutegereza, gukorwa, hanyuma kurangira iyo buri gice cyarangiye.

  5. Ohereza

    Fata kopi ya Ifishi y'itegeko ijyana n'akazi, ifite imirongo y'uwakohereje n'uwakakiriye, hanyuma uhitemo Shyira nk'icyoherejwe. Itariki yo kohereza yandikwa ku itegeko.

  6. Kora fagitire

    Kanda Kora fagitire y'iri tegeko. Imirongo y'itegeko yimurirwa kuri fagitire, imirongo y'itegeko irafungwa kugira ngo byombi bitazatandukana, kandi itegeko rihuzwa na fagitire yaryo.

  7. Wishyurwe

    Andika ubwishyu bwakozwe mu mafaranga, ikarita cyangwa kohereza kuri banki. Kugeza igihe bwishyuwe bwose, amafaranga ategerereza muri Ibirarane bisigaye, ayakera ari imbere, iruhande rwayo hari buto ya Kwakira.

Itegeko muri OPALEVI: umukiriya, umurwayi, itariki yakiriweho n'itariki ntarengwa hejuru, uko itegeko rihagaze n'inyandiko ivuga “Ibara A2, insimburangingo ya porselene” ibumoso, n'ibice by'akazi byo kongerwaho iburyo.
Itegeko rimwe rifite umukiriya, umurwayi, amatariki yombi, uko rihagaze, ibice by'akazi n'akazi gafite ibiciro. Ibara riri mu nyandiko, aho umuhanga arisoma kandi aho rishyirwa ku ifishi y'itegeko.

Ibisobanuro bibiri byoroheje. OPALEVI nta shusho y'amenyo cyangwa ihitamo ry'ibara ifite ku itegeko: abahanga bandika nomero z'amenyo n'ibara mu murongo w'akazi cyangwa mu nyandiko. Kandi ntibika scan cyangwa amafoto ku itegeko, bityo dosiye za STL zigumana na porogaramu ya scanner yawe cyangwa na imeri zaziherekeje, zihuzwa na kode y'itegeko.

Gukomeza kubona buri tariki ntarengwa

Itariki ntarengwa yarenzwe ihenda kurusha gusubiramo akazi. Muganga agomba kwimura umurwayi, agatangira kwibaza niba akazi gakurikira kagomba kujya ahandi. Porogaramu nziza ya laboratwari ntibika itariki gusa; iyishyira imbere y'abantu bashobora kugira icyo bayikoraho.

Muri OPALEVI itariki ntarengwa imwe igaragara ahantu hane:

  • Amabwiriza, urutonde rw'amabwiriza yose, aho ushobora gutandukanya ukurikije uko ahagaze no gushaka ukoresheje kode y'itegeko, umukiriya cyangwa umurwayi.
  • Inzira y'akazi ya laboratwari, urutonde rufite ibice by'akazi bya buri tegeko rifunguye mu nkingi eshatu (gutegereza, gukorwa, kurangira) n'ayayunguruzo byihuse bya Imirimo yanjye, Bikwiye gukorwa uyu munsi na Yarenze igihe. Amakarita ashobora gukururwa hagati y'inkingi, no guhabwa undi muhanga wo kuri sitasiyo imwe.
  • Kalendari y'ikohereza, ukwezi kose kw'ibigomba kuva muri laboratwari buri munsi, bifite amabara akurikije uko bihagaze.
  • Uyu munsi, ecran ya mbere umuhanga abona: imirimo ye bwite, ibikwiye gukorwa uyu munsi, ibyarenze igihe n'igice gikurikiyeho kimutegereje.
Kalendari y'ikohereza muri OPALEVI: imbonerahamwe y'ukwezi aho buri munsi ugaragaza amabwiriza yawo ukurikije kode n'ivuriro, bifite amabara akurikije uko bihagaze.
Kalendari y'ikohereza isubiza ikibazo cyo ku wa mbere mu gitondo, ni iki kigomba kuva muri laboratwari muri iki cyumweru, nta gufungura itegeko na rimwe.

Kuri telefone, umurongo uri hasi kuri ecran ufungura mu buryo butaziguye Amabwiriza, Kalendari n'urutonde rwa Inzira y'akazi ya laboratwari, bityo umuhanga ashobora kureba akazi k'uyu munsi aho akorera atagiye kuri mudasobwa.

Andika itariki ushobora kubahiriza

Injiza itariki uzohererezaho, si iyo muganga yari yiteze. Iyo akazi gasaba kugerageza, fata icyo kugerageza nk'itegeko ryayo bwite rifite itariki ntarengwa yaryo, kugira ngo amatariki yombi agaragare kuri kalendari.

Gukorera amavuriro fagitire, no kumenya ufitiye undi amafaranga

Laboratwari zikora fagitire mu buryo bubiri: kuri buri kazi uko koherezwa, cyangwa rimwe mu kwezi kuri buri vuriro. Icyo wahitamo cyose, itegeko rimwe rirakurikizwa: fagitire igomba kuva ku itegeko, si mu mutwe.

Muri OPALEVI, gukora fagitire y'akazi ni intambwe imwe. Kora fagitire y'iri tegeko yimurira imirongo ifite ibiciro kuri fagitire isanzwe, ibarwa mu murongo udacika (F-00001, F-00002…) ishobora guhagarikwa ariko ntisibwe, cyangwa kuri fagitire y'agateganyo, ku ivuriro rishaka kubanza kubona umubare mbere ya fagitire ya nyuma. Fagitire y'agateganyo ishobora nyuma guhindurwa isanzwe. Laboratwari zikora fagitire buri kwezi zifite ayo makuru ahantu hamwe: dosiye y'umukiriya ibarura buri tegeko n'agaciro karyo, kandi Fagitire nshya kuri uyu mukiriya itangiriraho fagitire y'ukwezi.

Ubwa mbere ukoze fagitire, OPALEVI ibaza rimwe amakuru y'ubucuruzi bwawe (izina, aderesi, umujyi na nomero y'ubucuruzi) kugira ngo buri fagitire iyabe. Fagitire zirashobora gucapwa cyangwa gukurwa nka PDF, zikoherezwa kuri imeri, kandi zigaragaza amakuru ya banki yawe ku mavuriro yishyura kuri banki.

Ni nde udufitiye amafaranga?

Icyo ni cyo kibazo buri nyiri laboratwari abaza, kandi igisubizo kigomba gufata amasegonda. Ibirarane bisigaye bitondagura ibyo amavuriro y'abakiriya akidufitiye, fagitire ya kera ni yo ibanza, kandi bigaragaza ibyarenze igihe. Dosiye ya buri mukiriya ivuga inkuru imwe ku ivuriro rimwe: agaciro k'amabwiriza yaryo, ayakorewe fagitire, ayishyuwe n'umwenda usigaye.

Urutonde rw'abakiriya ba laboratwari y'amenyo muri OPALEVI: amavuriro ane y'amenyo hamwe n'umujyi wayo, telefone n'itariki y'itegeko ryayo rya nyuma.
Buri vuriro ukorera rifite dosiye. Yifungure urebe amabwiriza yaryo, fagitire zaryo, ibyo ryishyuye n'ibyo rikidufitiye.

Niba laboratwari yawe yakira amafaranga ku meza, Agasanduku k'amafaranga gafungurwa umunsi ufite amafaranga atangira kandi kagafungwa n'amafaranga ubaze, bityo icyuho cyangwa ikirenga cy'umunsi kigaragara ako kanya. Amavuriro asaba igiciro mbere ashobora guhabwa inyandiko y'ibiciro, ikorerwa fagitire mu ntambwe imwe iyo rimaze kwemera; inyandiko z'ibiciro zifungurwa muri Igenamiterere → Ibikubiyemo bya porogaramu.

Abahanga, abakira abantu na nyiri laboratwari: ubona iki

Muri laboratwari hari abantu bakeneye ibintu bitandukanye, kandi amafaranga si ay'umuntu wese. Muri OPALEVI buri muntu afite inshingano:

  • Umuhanga w'amenyo: yakira amabwiriza, akayakoraho akayasubiza; abona inyandiko z'ibiciro, ariko ntabona amafaranga ya laboratwari. Umuhanga ntashobora kongeramo abakiriya cyangwa gukora fagitire.
  • Kwakira abarwayi: yandika akazi, asubiza amavuriro, akora fagitire akakira ubwishyu ku meza.
  • Imari / Ibaruramari: abika fagitire, ubwishyu n'agasanduku k'amafaranga, agasoma raporo z'imari.
  • Umuyobozi: ayobora ubucuruzi: abakiriya, amabwiriza, amafaranga, abakozi n'igenamiterere.

Buri nshingano ishobora guhindurwa uburenganzira ku burenganzira niba laboratwari yawe ikora ukundi. Buri wese yinjira akoresheje konti ye, bityo ntawe usangira ijambobanga, kandi buri muntu ashobora gukora mu rurimi rwe.

Ibibazo icumi byo kubaza mbere yo guhitamo porogaramu ya laboratwari y'amenyo

Waba uhisemo OPALEVI cyangwa indi porogaramu, baza buri bundi buryo utekereza ibi bibazo, kandi ubisubize ukoresheje amabwiriza yawe bwite aho gukoresha iyerekana.

Ibibazo icumi kuri porogaramu ya laboratwari y'amenyo, n'uko OPALEVI ibisubiza
IkibazoIgisubizo cyizaOPALEVI
Inyandiko imwe ibika akazi kose?Umukiriya, umurwayi, akazi gafite ibiciro, amatariki, ibice by'akazi n'uko bihagaze kuri ecran imwe.Yego: itegeko.
Buri muhanga ashobora kubona ibikwiye gukorwa uyu munsi?Urutonde kuri buri muntu, rufite ayayunguruzo y'ibikwiye gukorwa uyu munsi n'ibyarenze igihe.Yego: urutonde rwa Inzira y'akazi ya laboratwari na Uyu munsi.
Ushobora kubona ibyoherezwa mu cyumweru ukireba?Kalendari y'amatariki ntarengwa, si urutonde gusa.Yego: kalendari y'ikohereza.
Fagitire ituruka ku itegeko?Intambwe imwe, ifite imirongo n'ibiciro by'itegeko ubwaryo.Yego: Kora fagitire y'iri tegeko.
Ushobora kumenya ako kanya icyo buri vuriro rikidufitiye?Ibirarane kuri buri mukiriya n'urutonde rwa fagitire zitarishyurwa, ziri imbere izikera.Yego: dosiye y'umukiriya na Ibirarane bisigaye.
Ushobora gutandukanya amafaranga n'aho abahanga bakorera?Inshingano zihisha imari abahanga.Yego: inshingano ya Umuhanga w'amenyo ntabona amafaranga.
Ikora kuri telefone yawe mu mufuka?Nta kintu cyo kwinjiza; ikoreshwa aho umuntu akorera no mu nzira.Yego, muri mushakisha ya telefone.
Iri mu rurimi rwawe?Imbere yose, harimo na fagitire.Indimi 47 z'imbere; fagitire zicapwa mu ndimi 35 muri zo.
Ibika amashusho y'amenyo, amabara na scan?Imirima ihamye, cyangwa nibura ahantu hagaragara ho kubyandika.Igice: amenyo n'ibara bijya mu murongo w'akazi cyangwa mu nyandiko; scan zigumana na porogaramu ya scanner yawe.
Izatwara angahe uko ukura?Igiciro ushobora kubara mbere.Kuri buri mukozi; amabwiriza n'amavuriro y'abakiriya ntibibarwa na rimwe.

Igiciro cyuzuye, hamwe n'ikoreshabarura ry'itsinda ryawe, kiri ku rupapuro rw'ibiciro. Ku rutonde rwagutse rukubiyemo n'amavuriro, soma uko wahitamo porogaramu y'ivuriro.

Igicamunsi cyawe cya mbere: kuva ku kwiyandikisha kugeza ku itegeko rya mbere

Gutunganya laboratwari muri OPALEVI bifata igicamunsi, si umushinga. Nyuma yo kwiyandikisha nka laboratwari y'amenyo, urutonde rugufi kuri ecran ya Uyu munsi rukuyobora mu ntambwe za mbere kandi rukazishyiraho ikimenyetso uko uzirangiza:

  1. Ongeramo abaganga bagutumiza

    Ongeramo buri vuriro cyangwa muganga nk'umukiriya. Izina rirahagije mu gutangira; amakuru yo kuvugana azakurikiraho.

  2. Shyiraho urutonde rw'ibiciro

    OPALEVI igutangiza urutonde rugufi rw'urugero (insimburangingo ya porselene, amenyo y'agateganyo yuzuye, gusana amenyo y'agateganyo). Rusimbuze akazi kawe n'ibiciro byawe muri Igenamiterere → Serivisi mbere y'uko itegeko rya mbere rikorerwa fagitire.

  3. Akira itegeko ryawe rya mbere

    Injiza akazi nyako. Ibice byako bigaragara ku rutonde rwa Inzira y'akazi ya laboratwari uko ubyongeyeho.

  4. Tumira itsinda ryawe

    Ongeramo abahanga n'abakira abantu, buri wese afite inshingano ye, kugira ngo urutonde rwuzure amazina nyayo.

Igerageza ukoresheje akazi nyako

Injiza amabwiriza nyayo y'iki cyumweru mu minsi itanu y'akazi. Bitarenze ku wa gatanu uzaba uzi niba urutonde, kalendari na fagitire bikwiriye laboratwari yawe, ibyo nta iyerekana ishobora kukubwira.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Porogaramu ya laboratwari y'amenyo ni iki?

Ni porogaramu yandika buri kazi laboratwari y'amenyo yakira ivuye mu mavuriro, ikagakurikirana ikanyuze kuri sitasiyo za laboratwari kugeza koherezwa, kandi igahindura akazi karangiye fagitire n'ubwishyu. Isimbura igitabo cy'amabwiriza, udupapuro two ku bikoresho n'imbonerahamwe y'amafaranga, igashyiraho inyandiko imwe isangiwe.

Abahanga bashobora kuyikoresha batabona imari ya laboratwari?

Yego. Muri OPALEVI, inshingano ya Umuhanga w'amenyo yakira amabwiriza akayakoraho, ariko ntashobora gukora fagitire kandi ntabona amafaranga ya laboratwari: ubwishyu, agasanduku k'amafaranga na raporo z'imari.

Ikora kuri telefone cyangwa tablet?

Yego. OPALEVI ikorera muri mushakisha kuri mudasobwa, tablet cyangwa telefone, nta kintu cyo kwinjiza. Kuri telefone, umurongo wo hasi ufungura Amabwiriza, Kalendari n'urutonde rwa Inzira y'akazi ya laboratwari.

OPALEVI igura angahe kuri laboratwari y'amenyo?

OPALEVI ihabwa igiciro kuri buri mukozi uyikoresha: €10,95 ku kwezi ku igenamigambi ry'ukwezi, cyangwa €7,95 ku kwezi ku igenamigambi ry'umwaka. Amabwiriza n'amavuriro y'abakiriya ntibibarwa na rimwe. Ibiciro biri mu mayero, kandi umusoro wongerwaho mu kwishyura aho ukurikizwa. Reba urupapuro rw'ibiciro.

Nshobora kuyigerageza mbere yo kwishyura?

Yego. Kwiyandikisha bitangiza igeragezwa ry'ubuntu nta karita. Niba utahisemo igenamigambi igeragezwa rirangiye, nta kintu kigucibwa kandi konti yawe ihinduka iyo gusoma gusa.

Kora itegeko rikurikira rya laboratwari yawe muri OPALEVI

Iyandikishe nka laboratwari y'amenyo, wongereho amavuriro ukorera, kandi winjize amabwiriza nyayo y'iki cyumweru. Nta karita ikenewe.

Iyandikishe ubuntuIgeragezwa ry'ubuntu ry'iminsi 15

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